GOOD FOR HEALTH, BAD FOR SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: EFFECT OF CONTINUING WORK ON JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Recently, the labor force rate of Japanese older adults has been increasing. The white paper of Japan’s Cabinet Office shows that half of the people in their late 60s are employed in 2022. Previous literature has indicated that work has positive effects on health and cognitive functions; however, the work environment is not age-friendly. Most companies set the mandatory retirement age at 60, after which people must work under a worse labor contract. This study aims to explore the effect of work on Japanese older adults’ subjective well-being and to examine whether social participation and civic activity can buffer work’s negative effects. Random sampling survey was conducted in 2019 on people living in the Tokyo and Hyogo prefectures. The response rate was 43.0% (N = 1,063, aged 50–74). Analyses of covariance were conducted on well-being, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and life satisfaction. We found that work has negative effects on anxiety and life satisfaction, with civic activity moderating the negative effect on life satisfaction. Gender differences were observed regarding anxiety and loneliness. Women showed higher anxiety, and men showed higher loneliness. Regarding age difference, people in their late 60s exhibited the lowest depression and those in their late 50s higher anxiety. It is argued that Japan’s third agers live in more difficult work circumstances than ever before, and it is thus necessary to explore age-friendly labor conditions for older adults.


THE EFFECTS OF POSTRETIREMENT WORK ON WELL-BEING OF RETIRED ADULTS Edwin Chung, Gloria Lin, and Dannii Yeung, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
There has been evidence that a growing number of retirees are reentering the labor force (DeSilver, 2016;Greenwald et al., 2017), possibly due to financial needs and seeking continuity in their preretirement job (Burkert & Hockfellner, 2017).However, the effects of post-retirement work on retirees' well-being remain under-examined.This cross-sectional study thereby aims to examine the effects of post-retirement work in a sample of 768 younger and 530 older Hong Kong Chinese retirees (Mage = 65.1,SD = 2.72, range = 60 -69, and Mage = 75.2,SD = 4.50, range = 70 -95, respectively).Participation in post-retirement work, life satisfaction, cognitive functioning and hand-grip strength were measured.The results of two-way between-subject robust ANOVAs demonstrated that retirees engaging in postretirement work exhibited lower life satisfaction (Q = 5.82, p = .02)but higher cognitive functioning (Q = 5.29, p = .02)than those without post-retirement work.Furthermore, as compared with younger retirees, older retirees engaging in post-retirement work exhibited higher cognitive functioning (Q = 3.66, p = .05)and stronger hand-grip strength (Q = 4.21, p = .04).These results remain significant even after controlling for sex, education, socioeconomic status, perceived health, and financial control.The findings of this study thus reveal the beneficial effects of post-retirement work on cognitive and physical health, but not on life satisfaction.The negative effect of post-retirement work on subjective well-being will be discussed in relation to the unsatisfactory working environment or employee benefits received by older workers in Hong Kong.

GOOD FOR HEALTH, BAD FOR SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: EFFECT OF CONTINUING WORK ON JAPANESE OLDER ADULTS Keiko Katagiri, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Recently, the labor force rate of Japanese older adults has been increasing.The white paper of Japan's Cabinet Office shows that half of the people in their late 60s are employed in 2022.Previous literature has indicated that work has positive effects on health and cognitive functions; however, the work environment is not age-friendly.Most companies set the mandatory retirement age at 60, after which people must work under a worse labor contract.This study aims to explore the effect of work on Japanese older adults' subjective well-being and to examine whether social participation and civic activity can buffer work's negative effects.Random sampling survey was conducted in 2019 on people living in the Tokyo and Hyogo prefectures.The response rate was 43.0% (N = 1,063, aged 50-74).Analyses of covariance were conducted on well-being, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and life satisfaction.We found that work has negative effects on anxiety and life satisfaction, with civic activity moderating the negative effect on life satisfaction.Gender differences were observed regarding anxiety and loneliness.Women showed higher anxiety, and men showed higher loneliness.Regarding age difference, people in their late 60s exhibited the lowest depression and those in their late 50s higher anxiety.It is argued that Japan's third agers live in more difficult work circumstances than ever before, and it is thus necessary to explore age-friendly labor conditions for older adults.2002) and improve their well-being (e.g., Sala al., 2020;Shufford et al., 2021;Yeung et al., 2022).Still, whether such effects depend on retirement status has not been thoroughly examined.A total of 2391 middle-aged and older participants provided their retirement status (retired or not), and their use of information and communication technology (ICT) for different purposes (social, leisure, financial, and medical) and level of personal mastery were assessed.Four regression analyses were performed to test the moderating effect of retirement status on the relationship between each type of ICT use and personal mastery.Significant interaction was found between retirement and ICT use for leisure (β = .002,p = .046),financial (β = .003,p = .009),and, marginally, medical purposes (β = .002,p = .059),but not for social purpose (β = .000,p = .520).The beneficial effect of the use of ICT on personal mastery was shown to be either exclusive (for medical purpose) or significantly stronger (for leisure and financial purposes) for participants who were retired.This suggests that encouraging middle-aged and older adults to perform ICT-related activities may be particularly crucial when they are retired, presumably due to their capability to compensate for the loss of work-related control and identity.

BENEFITS OF VOLUNTEERISM FOR RETIREES: TYPES OF VOLUNTEERING MATTER Gloria Lin, Edwin Chung, and Dannii Yeung, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
A recent study has disclosed that the effects of volunteering vary as a function of types of volunteering activities (Lam et al., 2021).Volunteering is one of the major social participations among retirees.Therefore, we aim to investigate which types of volunteering activities are beneficial to the well-being of retirees.A total of 719 older Hong Kong Chinese adults (Mage = 66.31,SD = 4.18, range = 60 -80) who were retired within ten years were invited to take part in this study.Their participation in instrumental and cognitively demanding volunteering activities, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and cognitive functioning were assessed.In the current sample, 58.97% of the retired persons did not volunteer; and the remaining engaged in instrumental volunteering (10.15%), cognitively demanding volunteering (26.43%), or both types (4.51%).In addition, the results of ANCOVAs revealed that the retirees engaging in cognitively demanding volunteering had better cognitive functioning than those who did not volunteer at all (adj.Mdiff = .78,p = .03),while the retirees engaging in instrumental volunteering exhibited more depressive symptoms compared with those who engaged in cognitively demanding volunteering (adj.Mdiff = 2.04, p = .02)and those who did not volunteer at all (adj.Mdiff = 1.91, p = .02).These results remained significant even after controlling for sex, education, socioeconomic status, and perceived health.Our findings suggest that cognitively demanding volunteering activities should be promoted to maintain the psychological and cognitive well-being of retired persons.

LONG-TERM PAID CARE WORKFORCE: SHORTAGE, BURNOUT, TRAINING, TURNOVER, WHAT'S NEXT?
Chair: Ann Rhodes Discussant: Anne Martin-Matthews Although the long-term care workforce has struggled historically with staff satisfaction, safety, and retention, the pandemic triggered increased turnover and higher levels of staff burnout.As a result, many residential care organizations are using agency staff at unprecedented levels.Given that continuity of care is central to high-quality personcentered care, and the workforce should have access to a physically and psychologically safe environment, it is imperative that the gerontological research and practical community understand the changing conditions experienced by this workforce in crisis and offers solutions at the workplace, industry, and policy levels.In this symposium, authors explore different facets of paid long-term care workforce to stimulate thought and discussion.One paper contrasts the well-being of the workforce to that of the residents during COVID-19.A second paper presents workforce management capabilities and strategies and posits essential questions for the capacity of management and leadership needs of the workforce.Two papers highlight the struggles that are presented as paid long-term care relies increasingly on contract, short-term workers.Paper three discusses how the use of the contract workforce does not support the provision of person-centered care for conditions like dementia.Paper four uses payroll-based journal data to delve into short and long-term use of contract workforce and discusses the nature of contract staffing, and considers how contract staffing may be disruptive to both the direct care worker and the nursing home environment.The discussant will draw out the policy and practice implications arising from the papers.This is a collaborative symposium between the Aging Workforce and Paid Caregiving Interest Groups.
Daisy Li, and Dannii Yeung, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Internet and technology use have provided middle-aged or older adults with a new arena to regain control over their personal and social lives (McMellon & Schiffman,